In every community of human beings there may be detected some form, however rude, of regulating authority, which determines in some degree, however slight, the relations of the members of the community with one another. The forms and functions of this authority are as diverse as the times and places in which these communities are found...
Contents:
CHAPTER I. INSTITUTIONAL BASIS OF GREEK THEORY
1. The Hellenic Peoples in General
2. The Constitution of Sparta
3. The Constitution of Athens
CHAPTER II. THE POLITICAL PHILOSOPHY OF PLATO
1. The Precursors of Plato
2. General Character of Plato's Thought
3. The Republic
4. The Statesman
5. The Laws
6. Plato's Theory and Hellenic Facts
CHAPTER III. THE POLITICS OF ARISTOTLE
1. Method and Character of The Politics
2. The Nature of the State and of the Household
3. Organization of the State: Constitution, Citizenship, Government
4. The Sovereign Power
5. The Forms of Constitution
6. The Best State
7. Revolutions
8. The Hellenic and the Universal in Aristotle
CHAPTER IV. POLITICAL THEORY OF LATER GREECE AND OF ROME
1. Political Extinction of Hellas
2. Epicurean and Stoic Influences
3. The Constitutional Development of Rome
4. Polybius
5. Cicero
6. The Imperial Jurists
CHAPTER V. THE DEVELOPMENT OF MEDIÆVAL INSTITUTIONS
1. Christianity in the Declining Roman Empire
2. Rise of the Papacy
3. Rise of the Mediæval Empire
4. The Era of Conflict between the Secular and the Spiritual Power
CHAPTER VI. POLITICAL THEORY IN THE EARLY CHURCH
1. Jesus and the Apostles
2. The Fathers of the Church: Ambrose, Augustine, Gregory the Great
CHAPTER VII. THEORIES DURING THE DEVELOPMENT OF ECCLESIASTICAL HEGEMONY
1. Development and Method of Reasoning
2. The Dogma of the Two Powers
3. The Argument for Sacerdotal Preëminence
4. The Argument for Princely Independence
5. St. Bernard and John of Salisbury
CHAPTER VIII. ST. THOMAS AQUINAS AND HIS SCHOOL
1. General Character of the System
2. Theory of Law and Justice
3. The Nature and Forms of Political Authority
4. The Functions of Government
5. The Secular and the Spiritual Power
6. St. Thomas's Doctrine as Formulated by Ægidius Romanus
7. Summary
CHAPTER IX. THEORIES DURING THE DECLINE OF THE PAPAL HEGEMONY
I. Pro-papal Doctrine
2. New Elements in the Anti-papal Theory
3. The Supporters of Philip the Fair
4. The De Monarchia of Dante.
5. The Conflict between Lewis of Bavaria and Pope John XXII
6. Marsiglio of Padua
7. William of Ockam
8. Marsiglio, and Ockam on Sovereignty and Representation
CHAPTER X. THE PASSING OF THE MIDDLE AGE
1. Political and Ecclesiastical Tendencies
2. Wycliffe and Huss
3. Gerson and the Council of Constance
4. Nicholas of Cues and the Council of Basel
5. The Jurists and the Theory of the Corporation
6. Summary
CHAPTER XI. MACHIAVELLI
1. His Life and Times
2. Method of his Philosophy and his Point of View
3. His Attitude toward Morality and Religion
4. Theory of Political Motives
5. The Forms of Government
6. On the Extension of Dominion
7. On the Preservation of Dominion
8. Summary and Conclusion
Contents:
CHAPTER I. INSTITUTIONAL BASIS OF GREEK THEORY
1. The Hellenic Peoples in General
2. The Constitution of Sparta
3. The Constitution of Athens
CHAPTER II. THE POLITICAL PHILOSOPHY OF PLATO
1. The Precursors of Plato
2. General Character of Plato's Thought
3. The Republic
4. The Statesman
5. The Laws
6. Plato's Theory and Hellenic Facts
CHAPTER III. THE POLITICS OF ARISTOTLE
1. Method and Character of The Politics
2. The Nature of the State and of the Household
3. Organization of the State: Constitution, Citizenship, Government
4. The Sovereign Power
5. The Forms of Constitution
6. The Best State
7. Revolutions
8. The Hellenic and the Universal in Aristotle
CHAPTER IV. POLITICAL THEORY OF LATER GREECE AND OF ROME
1. Political Extinction of Hellas
2. Epicurean and Stoic Influences
3. The Constitutional Development of Rome
4. Polybius
5. Cicero
6. The Imperial Jurists
CHAPTER V. THE DEVELOPMENT OF MEDIÆVAL INSTITUTIONS
1. Christianity in the Declining Roman Empire
2. Rise of the Papacy
3. Rise of the Mediæval Empire
4. The Era of Conflict between the Secular and the Spiritual Power
CHAPTER VI. POLITICAL THEORY IN THE EARLY CHURCH
1. Jesus and the Apostles
2. The Fathers of the Church: Ambrose, Augustine, Gregory the Great
CHAPTER VII. THEORIES DURING THE DEVELOPMENT OF ECCLESIASTICAL HEGEMONY
1. Development and Method of Reasoning
2. The Dogma of the Two Powers
3. The Argument for Sacerdotal Preëminence
4. The Argument for Princely Independence
5. St. Bernard and John of Salisbury
CHAPTER VIII. ST. THOMAS AQUINAS AND HIS SCHOOL
1. General Character of the System
2. Theory of Law and Justice
3. The Nature and Forms of Political Authority
4. The Functions of Government
5. The Secular and the Spiritual Power
6. St. Thomas's Doctrine as Formulated by Ægidius Romanus
7. Summary
CHAPTER IX. THEORIES DURING THE DECLINE OF THE PAPAL HEGEMONY
I. Pro-papal Doctrine
2. New Elements in the Anti-papal Theory
3. The Supporters of Philip the Fair
4. The De Monarchia of Dante.
5. The Conflict between Lewis of Bavaria and Pope John XXII
6. Marsiglio of Padua
7. William of Ockam
8. Marsiglio, and Ockam on Sovereignty and Representation
CHAPTER X. THE PASSING OF THE MIDDLE AGE
1. Political and Ecclesiastical Tendencies
2. Wycliffe and Huss
3. Gerson and the Council of Constance
4. Nicholas of Cues and the Council of Basel
5. The Jurists and the Theory of the Corporation
6. Summary
CHAPTER XI. MACHIAVELLI
1. His Life and Times
2. Method of his Philosophy and his Point of View
3. His Attitude toward Morality and Religion
4. Theory of Political Motives
5. The Forms of Government
6. On the Extension of Dominion
7. On the Preservation of Dominion
8. Summary and Conclusion
